small patients. big care.
Newborn and Infant Care
At Pediatric Choice, we recognize the mix of excitement and overwhelm that comes with being a parent to a newborn or infant. It’s our honor to support your family as you navigate the daily decisions and care for your little one. With our commitment to big care we’re here to ensure you feel confident and empowered every step of the way.
Ready to book an appointment?
Interested in learning more about Pediatric Choice for your growing family? Fill out this form and someone will get back to you within in 24 hours. If you need help sooner than that and it’s not an emergency, please call 865.986.1400.
Newborn Care
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Welcome to a place where your baby's well-being is our top priority.
Bringing your newborn to our pediatric clinic means entrusting their care to experienced and compassionate hands.
What to Expect:
From your very first visit, we’re here to ensure your baby’s health and your peace of mind.
1. Examine Your Newborn – checking vital signs and overall development.
2. Discuss feeding, and sleeping patterns – address any concerns you might have.
3. Answer questions
Expect a calm, reassuring environment where every question is welcome. We’re dedicated to building a supportive relationship, guiding you through these precious early stages with expert advice and genuine care. -
Immunizations are a crucial part of keeping your child healthy and protected from serious
diseases. Vaccines undergo rigorous testing and continuous monitoring to ensure they are safe and effective. Here’s what you need to know:
How Vaccines are Tested:
Before a vaccine is approved, it goes throughextensive laboratory testing and clinical trials involving thousands of volunteers. These tests evaluate the vaccines safety, effectiveness, and proper dosage.
Ongoing Monitoring:
Even after approval, vaccines are continuously monitored for safety. Systems like the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) allow healthcare providers and patients to report any side effects, ensuring any concerns are quickly addressed.
Common Side Effects:
Most side effects are mild and temporary, such as pain or swelling at the injection site, a low-grade fever, or fussiness. Serious side effects are extremely rare.
Why Vaccines are Safe:
The United States has one of the most advanced systems in the world for tracking vaccine safety. Every batch of vaccines is tested forquality and safety, and the manufacturing process is closely regulated.Benefits Outweigh Risks:
The benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risks. Vaccines protect not only the individual receiving them but also the community by preventing the spread of diseases.
Ensuring your child’s immunizations are up to date is one of the best ways to protect their health and the health of those around them.
If you have any concerns or questions about vaccines, please don’t hesitate to reach out to us.
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What is Jaundice?
Jaundice is a common condition in newborns where the skin and eyes turn yellow due to a build-up of bilirubin, a yellow substance produced when red blood cells break down.
Most cases of jaundice are mild and resolve on their own, but it’s important to monitor and understand the signs.
Causes of Jaundice
Physiological Jaundice: Occurs in healthy newborns because their liver is not fully developed yet and may take time to process bilirubin. It usually appears between the second and third day of life and resolves in 1-2 weeks.
Breastfeeding Jaundice: Occurs in some babies who are breastfed, usually due to insufficient milk intake in the first few days of life.
Pathological Jaundice: This is rarer but can be caused by blood type incompatibility (e.g., Rh or ABO incompatibility), infection, or other underlying health conditions. It typically appears within the first 24 hours of life.
Signs of Jaundice
Yellowish skin, especially in the face and eyes.
Monitor the whites of the eyes—they can often show the first signs of yellowing.
It may become more pronounced in the first few days after birth.
When to Seek Help
If jaundice appears within the first 24 hours of life.
If jaundice seems to worsen over time or if your baby is lethargic and not feeding well.
If your baby’s bilirubin levels are very high, it can lead to kernicterus, a serious condition that can affect brain development.
Treatment Options
Phototherapy: Babies with moderate to severe jaundice may need light therapy (phototherapy), where they are placed under special blue lights to help break down bilirubin.
Increased Feeding: Frequent breastfeeding or formula feeding helps the baby pass bilirubin through stool.
IV Fluids: In severe cases, babies may need intravenous fluids or a blood transfusion if jaundice is caused by blood type incompatibility.
How Parents Can Help
Breastfeeding: Encourage frequent feedings to ensure hydration and milk supply, as this helps in lowering bilirubin levels.
Monitor Skin Color: Keep an eye on your baby’s skin and eyes for any changes and discuss with your pediatrician.
Follow Up Appointments: Make sure to attend all follow-up appointments after birth so the doctor can monitor bilirubin levels and ensure the condition is improving.
When to Call the Pediatrician
If your baby’s jaundice appears to worsen or doesn’t improve after a few days.
If your baby has difficulty feeding, seems excessively sleepy, or has abnormal signs such as poor muscle tone or high-pitched crying.
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During well visits, we focus on preventive care. This includes monitoring your child’s growth, development, and overall health. We provide vaccinations, conduct regular screenings, and offer guidance on nutrition, behavior, and developmental milestones.
These visits are a great opportunity for parents to discuss any questions or concerns they may have about their childs health and well-being.Routine well visits are essential for monitoring a child’s growth and development, catching potential health issues early, and keeping vaccinations up to date.
What You Can Expect:First Week: Newborn check-up
1 Month: First comprehensive exam
2 Months: Immunizations, growth and development checks
4 Months: Immunizations, developmental milestone checks
6 Months: Immunizations, growth assessment
9 Months: Developmental progress, safety, and nutrition guidance
12 Months: Immunizations, growth, and development assessment
15 Months: Immunizations, developmental screening
18 Months: Developmental progress, safety, and nutrition guidance
2 Years: Growth, development, and behavior assessment
2.5 Years: Development and behavior check
3 Years: Annual check-up starts 4-6 Years: Annual well-child visits with immunizations as needed
7-10 Years: Annual well-child visits, focus on development and school performance
11-12 Years: Pre-teen vaccines and developmental milestones
13-18 Years: Annual visits focusing on physical, emotional, and social development
Common Concerns
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Fever in a newborn can be concerning and requires careful attention. Here’s what you need to know:
When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention: Temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or Higher: If your newborn has a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, it’s considered a fever and you should seek medical attention immediately.
First 3 Months: Fevers in newborns under 3 months old are particularly serious and may indicate a serious infection like sepsis. Please call us or go to the emergency room right away.
Other Symptoms: If your newborn has a fever along with other symptoms such as lethargy, poor feeding, difficulty breathing, or a rash, it’s important to get medical help immediately.
Common Causes of Fever: Infections: Viral or bacterial infections are common causes of fever in newborns.
Overheating: Dressing your baby too warmly or exposure to a hot environment can also cause a rise in temperature.
Vaccinations: Sometimes, a mild fever can occur as a reaction to a recent vaccination.
Monitoring and Care: Always use a digital thermometer to check your baby’s temperature. Never use a mercury thermometer.
Keeping Your Baby Comfortable: Ensure your baby is dressed appropriately for the room temperature and avoid overheating.
Hydration: Make sure your baby is feeding well to stay hydrated.
If you’re ever unsure about your newborn’s fever or how to manage it, don’t hesitate to reach out to us for guidance and reassurance. Your baby’s health and safety are always our top priority. -
1. Understanding Diarrhea in Children
Parents need to understand that diarrhea is common, especially in younger children, but it can sometimes signal a more serious issue. Diarrhea is typically defined as having three or more loose or watery stools in a 24-hour period.
Causes of diarrhea:
Viral infections (e.g., rotavirus, norovirus)
Bacterial infections (e.g., Salmonella, E. coli)
Food allergies or intolerances
Teething (in infants)
Antibiotic use
2. Rehydration and Fluids
The most important thing during a bout of diarrhea is to prevent dehydration, as diarrhea can lead to the loss of essential fluids and electrolytes.
Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS): These are specially formulated liquids that contain water, sugar, and salts to help restore the body's electrolyte balance.
Recommended ORS brands include Pedialyte, Infalyte, or DripDrop.
These solutions are available at most pharmacies and are the best option for rehydrating an infant or child. Parents should avoid giving regular water or fruit juices, as they may worsen diarrhea.
Breastfeeding: For infants, continue to breastfeed regularly, as breast milk provides not only hydration but also immune support during illness.
Formula-feeding: If your baby is formula-fed, continue to offer formula. We may recommend a specific type of formula during diarrhea episodes, such as one that's lactose-free or “Similac for Diarrhea”.
3. When to Seek Medical Attention
Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which can be dangerous for young children. Parents should seek medical attention if:
The child is younger than 6 months old (especially if they have a fever or blood in their stool).
There are signs of dehydration, such as:
Dry mouth, lips, or tongue
Less than 6 wet diapers a day in infants
Sunken eyes or a sunken soft spot (fontanelle) in infants
Lethargy or a noticeable decrease in energy
No tears when crying
The diarrhea lasts more than 2-3 days or is accompanied by fever (over 101°F/38.3°C).
There is blood or mucus in the stool.
The child is vomiting continuously, preventing them from keeping fluids down.
4. Dietary Considerations During Diarrhea
Infants: If your baby is breastfed, continue breastfeeding as usual. If formula-fed, continue with the usual formula unless directed otherwise by us.
Children over 6 months: Offer easy-to-digest foods, such as bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (known as the BRAT diet). Avoid sugary or greasy foods during this time.
Avoid giving dairy products if the child shows signs of lactose intolerance during the episode, as diarrhea can sometimes be triggered by an intolerance to milk.
5. Preventing Spread of Infection
If diarrhea is caused by an infection, parents should be mindful of hygiene to prevent spreading the illness.
Wash hands thoroughly after diaper changes and before preparing food.
Clean surfaces and toys regularly with disinfectant wipes to reduce the spread of germs.
6. Common Myths to Avoid
Myth 1: You should withhold food: It's important not to withhold food for extended periods. Continue to offer fluids and simple foods to help maintain nutrition.
Myth 2: Diarrhea can always be treated with medication: Diarrhea often resolves on its own, but medications like anti-diarrheal drugs (e.g., Imodium) are not recommended for young children except in rare cases.
7. Resources for Parents
Here are some trusted resources that we recommend for parents dealing with diarrhea in their child:
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): Offers guidelines and tips on handling diarrhea in children. Website: www.aap.org
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Provides information on diarrheal diseases, including prevention and treatment. Website: www.cdc.gov
HealthyChildren.org: A website by the AAP that offers expert advice on child health, including diarrhea. Website: www.healthychildren.org
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): Offers information on causes, symptoms, and treatments of diarrhea in children. Website: www.niddk.nih.gov
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1. Common Causes of Vomiting in Children
Vomiting can occur for many reasons. Some common causes include:
Viral infections (e.g., stomach flu, rotavirus)
Food poisoning or bacterial infections
Overeating or eating something that doesn't agree with them
Motion sickness
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
Infections in the ear, throat, or urinary tract
Stress or anxiety
Medications or treatments like antibiotics
Acid reflux or other gastrointestinal issues
2. Signs of Dehydration
Vomiting, especially if it’s severe or prolonged, can lead to dehydration. Parents should monitor for signs of dehydration, which include:
Dry mouth, lips, or tongue
Fewer wet diapers (for infants) or less frequent urination (for older children)
Tearless crying
Sunken eyes
Lethargy or dizziness
Cold hands and feet
If you notice any of these signs, contact us.
3. Managing Vomiting at Home
While vomiting can be distressing, most cases can be managed at home by following these steps:
1. Hydration is Key
Start small: After vomiting, offer small sips of oral rehydration solution (ORS) like Pedialyte. This is the best and fastest way to rehydrate. Don’t give large amounts of fluids at once, as it can trigger more vomiting.
Gradual food introduction: Once your child tolerates fluids, you can reintroduce bland foods like the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) or crackers, starting in small amounts.
2. Keep them Comfortable
Let your child rest comfortably and avoid activities that may cause nausea, such as rough play or excessive screen time.
Positioning: Keep babies and young children upright as much as possible, as lying flat can increase nausea. For infants, consider holding them upright or placing them slightly propped on their side after feeding.
3. Avoid Certain Foods and Drinks
Avoid sugary or greasy foods, as they can make vomiting worse.
Avoid dairy products for 24 hours after vomiting, as some children may have temporary difficulty digesting lactose after a stomach upset.
4. When to Seek Medical Attention
There are certain situations where parents should seek medical help for vomiting:
Persistent vomiting: If vomiting continues for more than 24 hours without any improvement, consult us.
Severe dehydration: If your child is showing signs of dehydration (listed above), it’s crucial to get medical help.
Blood in vomit: If you notice blood or coffee-ground-like material in your child's vomit, seek medical attention immediately.
Fever and vomiting: If vomiting is accompanied by a high fever (above 101°F/38.3°C), or if your baby is younger than 3 months old with a fever, contact us.
Neurological signs: If your child experiences severe headache, stiff neck, or a change in behavior (such as lethargy or confusion), seek medical care as these could be signs of a more serious condition like meningitis or a head injury.
Recent head injury: If vomiting follows a head injury, seek medical help to rule out concussions or other trauma.
5. Preventing Vomiting
While you can’t always prevent vomiting, there are a few tips that might reduce the risk:
Avoid overfeeding: If you're breastfeeding or formula-feeding, try not to feed your baby too quickly or in large quantities at once.
Avoid large meals: For older children, give them smaller, more frequent meals instead of large ones to avoid overwhelming their stomach.
Monitor food safety: Be cautious about the food your child eats. Properly store and prepare foods, and avoid giving them food that might be contaminated.
Practice good hygiene: Frequent handwashing can reduce the chances of viral infections that cause vomiting.
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1. Limit Exposure to Crowds
Newborns have developing immune systems, making them more vulnerable to infections. In crowded settings, such as family gatherings or holiday parties, your baby can be exposed to germs more easily.
Avoid large crowds: Try to keep your baby away from large gatherings, especially indoors, where germs spread more easily.
Keep socializing brief: If you must attend a gathering, try to keep your baby’s exposure to a minimum. Hand your baby to others only if they are healthy, and ask visitors to wash their hands before holding your baby.
2. Keep Baby’s Sleep Routine Intact
The excitement of the holidays can disrupt sleep schedules, but maintaining a routine for your newborn’s sleep is important for their well-being.
Bring familiar items: Pack items that help your baby sleep, such as their blanket, favorite swaddle, or a sound machine to make them feel comfortable in new environments.
Stick to a routine: As much as possible, keep feedings, naps, and bedtime consistent to avoid disrupting your baby’s sleep cycle.
3. Baby’s Temperature and Dress
Holidays often bring chilly weather, but newborns are more sensitive to temperature extremes.
Dress in layers: Make sure your baby is dressed appropriately for the temperature, and avoid overdressing them, which can lead to overheating. Opt for layers you can add or remove as needed.
Keep baby warm in transit: If you’re traveling in a car or stroller, keep your baby cozy in a warm blanket or car seat cover. Never place heavy blankets under their car seat straps as it can interfere with safety.
4. Avoid Overstimulation
The holiday season can be filled with loud noises, bright lights, and lots of activity, which can overwhelm your newborn.
Create a calm environment: If your baby seems fussy, take them to a quiet space away from the noise and chaos to calm down.
Don’t overdo the visits: Try not to plan multiple visits or long stays. Newborns can get overstimulated by too many people, loud noises, or being passed around too much.
5. Protect Your Baby from Illness
During the holiday season, illnesses such as the flu and colds are more common, so taking precautions to keep your newborn healthy is key.
Ask visitors to stay home if sick: It’s important to ask anyone who is feeling unwell, especially those with a cold or flu, to avoid visiting your baby. If a visitor has symptoms like coughing, sneezing, or fever, kindly ask them to reschedule the visit.
Hand hygiene: Make sure everyone who handles your baby washes their hands thoroughly or uses hand sanitizer. Babies put their hands in their mouths, so keeping them clean is essential.
Avoid kissing your newborn: While family members might be excited to show affection, encourage them to avoid kissing your baby, especially around the mouth and face, to prevent the spread of germs.
6. Safe Travel Tips
Traveling with a newborn during the holidays can be challenging, but with the right precautions, it can be done safely.
Car seat safety: Make sure your baby’s car seat is properly installed, facing the rear. Avoid using bulky coats or blankets underneath the straps, as they can interfere with the car seat’s effectiveness.
Traveling by air: If you’re flying, try to book flights during your baby’s usual sleep time to minimize stress. Be sure to bring enough diapers, formula, or breastfeeding supplies for the trip, as airport facilities may not always provide these.
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1. Preparing Your Pet Before the Baby Arrives
Before the baby comes home, it’s important to prepare your pet for the changes that will happen in the household.
Establish Boundaries: If your pet is used to having free reign of the house, start setting boundaries early. Consider baby-proofing areas where your child will spend most of their time, and create spaces where your pet can retreat for peace and quiet.
Training: If your pet is not accustomed to being around young children, consider basic obedience training. Teach your pet to respond to commands like “sit,” “stay,” and “gentle” to help manage their behavior around the baby.
Introduce Baby-Related Items: Allow your pet to get used to the baby’s furniture, toys, and sounds. For example, let your pet sniff baby clothes, the crib, or a baby carrier so they can become familiar with these new things.
2. Introducing Your Pet to the Baby
When you first bring your newborn home, the introduction between the baby and your pet should be done gradually and calmly.
Let Your Pet Explore at Their Own Pace: Don’t rush the introduction. Allow your pet to approach the baby on their own terms, and never force them into close contact.
Keep Initial Interactions Short and Calm: The first meeting should be brief and calm. Hold the baby and let the pet come close to sniff and observe. Be sure to supervise the interaction closely, especially if your pet is energetic or excitable.
Positive Reinforcement: Reward your pet with treats and praise for calm behavior around the baby, helping them associate positive experiences with being around the child.
3. Establish Safe Zones
Both pets and babies need their own space to feel secure.
Create a Pet-Free Zone for Baby: Designate specific areas (like the nursery) where your pet should not enter. This helps both the pet and baby have a peaceful, undisturbed space.
Safe Spaces for Your Pet: Your pet should have a designated space where they can retreat when they need rest or a break from the baby. A quiet, comfortable area with their bed, toys, and food will give them a sense of security.
4. Teaching Children to Respect Pets
As your baby grows into a toddler or young child, it’s essential to teach them how to safely and respectfully interact with pets.
Teach Gentle Touch: From an early age, teach your child to be gentle with the pet. Show them how to pet the dog or cat calmly and avoid pulling on ears, tails, or fur.
Supervised Interaction: Always supervise interactions between your pet and child. Even a well-behaved pet can become startled or irritated by a child’s sudden movements or loud noises.
Model Positive Behavior: Set an example by showing your child how to treat the pet with kindness and respect. This helps them understand how to behave toward animals.
Avoid Rough Play: Discourage roughhousing or chasing the pet, which can cause anxiety for the animal and potentially lead to aggressive behavior in response.
5. Safety Tips for Pets Around Babies and Young Children
Ensure the safety of both your pet and child by following these key safety practices:
Supervise All Interactions: Never leave your baby or young child alone with a pet, no matter how well-behaved the pet is. Accidents can happen in a split second, and supervision ensures that everyone stays safe.
Watch for Signs of Stress in Your Pet: Be aware of signs that your pet is stressed, such as growling, hissing, backing away, or hiding. If these behaviors occur, give your pet some time and space away from the child.
Keep Pet’s Health and Hygiene in Check: Ensure that your pet is up-to-date on vaccinations, flea treatments, and general health care, especially if they will be around your baby.
Introduce Pets to Baby Sounds and Smells: Babies make a lot of noise, and pets can be sensitive to these new sounds. Gradually acclimate your pet to baby sounds like crying or cooing, and the new scent of baby lotions or diapers, to help reduce anxiety.
6. Introducing Pets to Toddlers and Older Children
As your child grows older and becomes more mobile, they will naturally become more curious about the pet.
Teach Children to Give Pets Space: Teach your toddler to give the pet space when it’s eating, sleeping, or in a resting area. Pets may become protective or agitated when approached during these times.
Teach Proper Handling: If you have a dog, show your child how to walk the dog gently or throw a ball for the pet, emphasizing kindness and patience.
Model Good Pet Care: Involve your child in pet care (e.g., feeding, brushing) in an age-appropriate way. This builds a strong bond and teaches responsibility.
7. Signs of Trouble
Watch for signs that the pet or the child might be feeling uncomfortable, and address these behaviors right away.
Pet’s Behavior: If the pet seems unusually aggressive, withdrawn, or anxious, it’s important to reassess how they are being introduced to the baby and provide more time to adjust.
Child’s Behavior: If your child is frightened of the pet, hesitant to interact, or showing signs of aggression, calmly intervene and try to reassure your child. Consult a pediatrician or animal behaviorist if concerns persist.
8. Consult Experts if Needed
If you’re concerned about how your pet is reacting to the new baby or if your baby seems overly fearful or anxious around the pet, don’t hesitate to consult professionals.
Veterinarian: For advice on how to ease your pet’s transition or if they are showing signs of aggression or anxiety.
Pediatrician: If your child seems frightened of pets, or if there are concerns about allergies, call us.
Animal Behaviorist: In cases where your pet is struggling with the change, an animal behaviorist can help with training and tips to improve the situation.
Resources for Families
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): Offers tips for introducing pets to children. Website: www.avma.org
HealthyChildren.org: The AAP provides resources on raising kids with pets safely. Website: www.healthychildren.org
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1. Understanding Colic
Colic is a term used to describe excessive crying in otherwise healthy infants. Although it can be incredibly stressful for parents, it’s important to understand that colic is common and typically resolves on its own over time.
Definition of Colic: Colic is often defined as crying for more than 3 hours a day, 3 days a week, for 3 weeks or longer, typically starting around 2-3 weeks of age and peaking around 6 weeks. It usually resolves by 3-4 months of age.
No Clear Cause: The exact cause of colic isn’t fully understood. It’s thought to be related to factors like gastrointestinal discomfort, overstimulation, or developing nervous systems, but there is no single reason for it.
2. Normal Crying vs. Colic
All babies cry, and it’s their way of communicating needs. However, colic crying can seem more intense, persistent, and harder to soothe.
Normal Crying: Newborns typically cry to signal hunger, discomfort, or the need for sleep. Crying peaks at around 6-8 weeks of age and decreases as babies grow and develop better communication skills.
Colic Crying: Colic crying is often intense, occurring in the late afternoon or evening. Babies may appear to cry without an obvious reason, even after they’ve been fed, burped, and changed.
3. Strategies to Help Soothe a Colicky Baby
While there’s no guaranteed solution for colic, there are several techniques you can try to help soothe your baby:
Feeding Techniques: If colic is suspected to be related to gas or feeding issues:
Make sure your baby is burped frequently during feedings to help release trapped air.
Try smaller, more frequent feedings to avoid overfeeding, which can cause discomfort.
If you’re breastfeeding, consider avoiding foods that may cause gas or discomfort, such as dairy or caffeine, and consult us if you think your diet might be affecting the baby.
If bottle-feeding, ensure that you’re using the correct bottle and nipple to prevent your baby from swallowing too much air.
Soothing Motions: Babies often respond well to soothing motions.
Try gentle rocking, swaddling, or a vibrating seat to help calm them.
Car rides or stroller walks can sometimes help calm colicky babies, as the motion mimics the sensation of being in the womb.
White Noise or Soft Music: Some babies are soothed by sounds they remember from the womb, such as white noise or soft music. A white noise machine or a recording of a heartbeat or lullaby can help.
Comforting Touch: Some babies respond well to being held or comforted in different ways. Consider trying:
Swaddling: A snug, soft swaddle can provide comfort.
Tummy Time: Lying your baby on their tummy (while supervised) can help relieve gas and discomfort.
Holding Them Upright: Holding your baby upright during and after feedings can help ease any discomfort from gas or acid reflux.
4. Dealing with Your Own Stress
Caring for a baby with colic can be very stressful, especially when it feels like nothing is working to soothe them. It’s important to recognize your own limits and take steps to manage stress:
Take Breaks: It’s okay to put your baby in their crib for a few minutes in a safe environment and take a break if you’re feeling overwhelmed. It’s important for your well-being too.
Ask for Help: If you can, have a trusted friend or family member help you out for short periods, allowing you to rest and recharge.
Stay Calm: Babies can often pick up on their parents’ stress. Keeping yourself calm (even if it’s difficult) can help soothe your baby.
5. When to Seek Medical Advice
Although colic is generally not a sign of an underlying medical problem, there are times when crying might indicate something more serious. We would advise parents to watch for certain signs:
Fever: If your baby is crying and has a fever, it may indicate an infection.
Vomiting: If the baby is also vomiting excessively, or if it seems like they are in significant pain, consult us.
Changes in Crying Patterns: If your baby’s crying suddenly changes or becomes more intense than usual, or if you notice other concerning symptoms, it’s a good idea to check in with us.
Failure to Thrive: If the baby isn’t feeding well, is losing weight, or isn’t gaining weight as expected, there could be an underlying issue that requires professional attention.
6. The Good News: It Will Pass
The most reassuring thing a pediatrician can tell new parents is that colic doesn’t last forever. While it may feel endless at times, colic typically resolves by 3-4 months of age as your baby’s digestive system matures and they develop better self-soothing skills.
Keep Perspective: Remind yourself that colic is a phase, and with time, things will get easier. Many parents experience colic, and it doesn’t reflect anything wrong with you or your baby.
Track the Crying: Some parents find it helpful to track the crying patterns in a journal or app. This can help you see that the crying is indeed becoming less intense over time.
7. Resources for Parents
HealthyChildren.org: The American Academy of Pediatrics offers helpful resources on dealing with colic and soothing your baby. Website: www.healthychildren.org
The Colic Help Website: Offers expert advice and resources for managing colic. Website: www.colichelp.com
La Leche League: If breastfeeding is an issue during colic, La Leche League offers support. Website: www.llli.org
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1. Health and Safety Considerations
Ensuring your baby’s health and safety is the number one priority when choosing daycare.
Check Daycare Policies: Make sure the daycare has clear health and safety protocols. This includes hand-washing practices, cleaning routines, and how they handle illness. Ask about how they address hygiene (like diapering) and monitor your baby’s health while they’re there.
Vaccinations: Ensure the daycare requires all staff to be up-to-date on vaccines, including the flu vaccine. Also, confirm that the daycare is compliant with local vaccination regulations for both staff and children in their care.
Sick Policies: Be aware of the daycare’s sick-child policy. It’s crucial that they have a system in place for handling sick infants, and they should communicate when your child is not feeling well.
Emergency Procedures: Ensure the daycare has an emergency plan in place, and that caregivers are trained in CPR and first aid, particularly for infants.
2. Staffing and Caregiver Qualifications
The quality of caregiving is essential for your baby's development and well-being.
Staff-to-Child Ratio: Check the ratio of caregivers to children in the daycare setting. Infants, especially, need individual attention, so a lower ratio is generally better. A common recommendation is no more than 3 infants per caregiver, but regulations may vary by state.
Experience and Training: Ask about the experience and training of the caregivers. Ideally, caregivers should have training in child development, infant care, and CPR. Experience with handling infants and knowledge of feeding, sleep, and developmental milestones are key.
Turnover Rate: High staff turnover can be disruptive for babies. Ask about the daycare’s turnover rate and how long staff members tend to stay at the center.
3. Emotional and Developmental Needs
Your baby’s emotional well-being is critical during this stage, especially when being away from you for the first time.
Separation Anxiety: Understand that infants may experience separation anxiety when they first start daycare, especially around 6-9 months. Talk to the daycare about how they handle separation anxiety and whether they have a gradual transition process.
Bonding Time: Find out how the caregivers foster bonding with each child. Caregivers should spend time cuddling, talking, and playing with infants to support their emotional development.
Schedule and Routine: Infants thrive on a routine. Ask about the daycare’s daily schedule to ensure it aligns with your baby’s sleep, feeding, and diapering routine.
4. Feeding and Sleep Needs
Make sure the daycare can accommodate your baby’s specific feeding and sleeping needs.
Breastfeeding Support: If you are breastfeeding, ask about the daycare’s policies on breastfeeding or pumping. Will they allow you to drop off breast milk, or will you need to pump there? How will they store breast milk?
Feeding Schedule: Discuss the daycare’s feeding practices and make sure they can follow your baby’s schedule. For example, if your baby needs formula or solids, ensure they are equipped to handle your specific feeding requirements.
Sleep Arrangements: Check how the daycare handles sleep. Infants should be placed on their backs for sleep, in a crib free of pillows, blankets, or stuffed animals, following safe sleep guidelines to prevent SIDS.
5. Location, Convenience, and Communication
Practical factors can play a big role in your decision-making process.
Location: Consider the daycare’s location and how convenient it is for your family’s routine. Ideally, it should be located near your home or workplace to make pick-up and drop-off easier.
Communication with Parents: Open, regular communication is crucial. Ask how the daycare keeps parents updated throughout the day (e.g., via a daily log, emails, or phone calls). Some daycares offer real-time updates through apps, which can be reassuring.
Visitation Policy: Understand the daycare’s policy on parents visiting during the day. It's helpful to know whether you can drop by unannounced or whether visits need to be scheduled in advance.
6. Cost and Financial Planning
Daycare is an investment, so it’s important to understand all financial aspects.
Costs: Understand the full cost of daycare, including any additional fees for extended hours, special activities, or supplies. Some daycares may charge for sick days or holidays, so clarify all fees upfront.
Flexible Payment Plans: Check whether they offer flexible payment options, like weekly or monthly payment plans, and if there are any discounts for multiple children or longer commitments.
Tax Considerations: In some cases, daycare fees are tax-deductible. You may want to speak with a tax professional to determine whether you qualify for any tax breaks related to child care.
7. Finding the Right Fit for Your Baby
The ideal daycare will meet both your needs and your baby's needs, and it's important to trust your instincts during this process.
Take a Tour: Visit the daycare facility in person. Observe how caregivers interact with the infants, and ask about any concerns or preferences you may have.
Ask for References: Request references from other parents whose children are attending the daycare. This can provide valuable insight into the daycare’s strengths and areas to watch for.
Trial Period: Some daycares offer a trial period or gradual transition for new children. This can help both you and your baby adjust to the new environment.
8. What to Do if You Have Concerns
If you have concerns about the daycare or how they are caring for your baby, don’t hesitate to address them promptly.
Speak Up: If you notice anything that concerns you, like a caregiver being overly harsh or an environment that doesn’t seem safe, talk to the daycare management. It’s important to advocate for your child.
Trust Your Instincts: If something doesn’t feel right, it’s okay to change daycares or adjust your plan. Your baby’s safety, happiness, and development are the top priorities.
Infant Safety
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Breastfeeding Tips
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep up your milk supply.
Find a Comfortable Position: Experiment with different breastfeeding positions to find what works best for you and your baby.
Latch is Key: Ensure your baby has a good latch to prevent discomfort and ensure they’re getting enough milk.
Feed on Demand: Respond to your baby’s hunger cues rather than sticking to a strict schedule.
Be Patient: Breastfeeding can take time to get used to. Don’t be discouraged if it doesn’t come naturally at first.
Take Care of Yourself: Make sure to eat a balanced diet, get rest when you can, and ask for help if needed.
Common Challenges
Sore Nipples: Use nipple cream or breastmilk to soothe sore nipples.
Engorgement: If your breasts are too full, try expressing a little milk to relieve discomfort.
Blocked Ducts: Massage the affected area and continue to breastfeed to help clear the blockage.
Low Milk Supply: Consult with a lactation specialist if you’re concerned about your milk supply.
Support
Lactation Consultants: They can provide personalized advice and support.
Breastfeeding Groups: Join local or online groups to connect with other breastfeeding moms.
Breastfeeding can be a wonderful bonding experience for you and your baby. Remember, it’s okay to seek help and take care of yourself during this special time. You’ve got this! -
Why Infant CPR is Important
Infant CPR is a life-saving skill that every parent and caregiver should know, as infants are at risk for accidental injuries, choking, or breathing difficulties.
Early CPR can double or triple the chances of survival in an emergency until professional help arrives.
When to Use Infant CPR
You should perform CPR if the infant is:
Unresponsive: The infant is not breathing or is only gasping for air.
Not breathing normally: If the infant’s breathing is irregular or absent.
Choking: If the infant is unable to cough, cry, or breathe.
How to Prepare for Emergencies
Take an infant CPR class: Consider enrolling in a certified CPR course for hands-on training.
Know your emergency numbers: Have local emergency numbers saved and accessible.
Keep emergency supplies handy: Consider keeping an infant first-aid kit nearby.
When to Seek Medical Help
Even if CPR is successful, always have the infant evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out underlying issues or complications.
After any emergency, follow-up with your pediatrician for advice and monitoring.
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What is SIDS?
SIDS refers to the unexplained death of an infant under 1 year of age, typically during sleep. While the exact cause is unknown, certain factors are believed to increase the risk, including unsafe sleep practices.
Safe Sleep Guidelines to Reduce the Risk of SIDS
Place Your Baby on Their Back to Sleep
Always place your baby on their back for all sleep (naps and nighttime).
Sleeping on the back reduces the risk of SIDS, as it helps keep the airway open and allows for safer breathing.
Side sleeping is not recommended as it can lead to the baby rolling onto their stomach.
Use a Firm Sleep Surface
Always place the baby on a firm mattress in a safety-approved crib, bassinet, or play yard.
Avoid soft surfaces like soft mattresses, pillows, blankets, or couch cushions, as they can increase the risk of suffocation.
Avoid Soft Bedding
Keep the crib free from soft bedding such as blankets, pillows, bumper pads, and stuffed animals.
Dress your baby in sleepwear appropriate for the room temperature, avoiding loose blankets.
Share a Room, Not a Bed
It is recommended to have your baby sleep in the same room as you for the first 6 months, but not in the same bed.
Bed-sharing increases the risk of accidental suffocation, overheating, and falls.
Consider using a crib, bassinet, or co-sleeper that attaches to the side of the bed.
Avoid Smoking Around Your Baby
Exposure to smoke—either during pregnancy or after birth—raises the risk of SIDS.
Ensure that no one smokes around your baby or in the home.
Offer a Pacifier During Sleep
If your baby is breastfeeding, consider offering a pacifier at nap time and bedtime.
Studies show that pacifier use during sleep may help lower the risk of SIDS, though it is not mandatory.
Additional Tips for Safe Sleep
Maintain a Comfortable Room Temperature: Keep the baby's room at a comfortable temperature (not too hot or too cold). Overheating can increase the risk of SIDS.
Tummy Time During the Day: While babies should always sleep on their backs, make sure they get tummy time while awake to promote muscle development and reduce the risk of flat head syndrome (positional plagiocephaly).
Things to Avoid
Do not sleep with your baby on a couch or armchair: The risk of suffocation increases significantly if the baby falls asleep on soft furniture.
Avoid overheating: Don’t overdress your baby, and use appropriate sleepwear instead of blankets.
Do not let your baby sleep in a car seat for prolonged periods: Babies should not sleep in a car seat for extended periods, as it can cause breathing issues due to poor positioning.
Signs of Safe Sleep
Your baby should be on their back, in a firm crib with no soft bedding, dressed in sleepwear, and in a smoke-free environment.
Always ensure the baby is not overheating and is comfortable without excess layers.
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Guidelines for Infant Transportation
Transporting your infant safely is essential to protect them during travel. Follow these important guidelines to ensure your baby’s safety:
1. Use an Appropriate Car Seat
Always use a rear-facing infant car seat approved by safety standards.
Ensure the car seat fits your vehicle properly and is installed tightly.
The harness should be snug, with the chest clip positioned at armpit level.
2. Positioning
Place the car seat in the back seat, preferably in the middle position for maximum protection.
Never place the infant car seat in the front seat when there is an active airbag.
3. Correct Usage
Infants should ride rear-facing until they reach the height or weight limit of their car seat, typically at least 2 years old.
Avoid bulky clothing or blankets under the harness; instead, place blankets over the secured harness if needed.
4. Transportation Outside Vehicles
When walking with your infant, use a stroller or carrier that supports the baby’s head and neck properly.
Make sure carriers are worn according to manufacturer instructions to prevent falls or injury.
5. Supervision During Travel
Never leave your infant unattended in a car, even for a short time.
Always double-check that your infant is securely fastened before starting the trip.
6. Air Travel Considerations
If flying, use an FAA-approved car seat for infants when possible.
Confirm the seat fits in the airplane seat and follow airline-specific policies.
Adhering to these guidelines will help keep your infant safe and secure during transportation. For personalized advice or questions, consult your pediatrician at Pediatric Choice Clinic.
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What Causes Choking in Children?
Choking occurs when an object or food becomes lodged in the airway, blocking the child’s ability to breathe. Common causes include:
Food: Hard candy, grapes, hot dogs, popcorn, nuts, and chunks of meat or cheese are especially risky for younger children.
Small objects: Toys, coins, buttons, and other small items that children might put in their mouths can cause choking.
Improper swallowing: Young children, especially babies and toddlers, may not chew food thoroughly or can swallow small objects without realizing the danger.
Signs Your Child is Choking
Coughing: A mild cough may indicate a partial blockage of the airway. If the cough is ineffective, the airway may be more blocked.
Difficulty breathing: If your child has trouble breathing or is making high-pitched sounds while inhaling, it could indicate that the airway is partially or fully blocked.
Gasping or noisy breathing: If your child is unable to cry, speak, or make noise, it may be a sign that they can’t breathe properly.
Clutching the throat: Children who are choking often instinctively try to signal distress by holding their throat or mouth.
Turning blue: The lips or face may turn blue or pale, signaling a severe lack of oxygen.
How to Prevent Choking
Supervise eating: Always supervise your child while they’re eating, and make sure they sit down while eating to reduce the risk of choking.
Cut food properly: Cut food into small, manageable pieces that are appropriate for your child’s age and chewing ability (e.g., grapes in quarters, hot dogs in small slices, etc.).
Avoid certain foods: Avoid giving your child foods that are likely to cause choking, such as whole grapes, nuts, popcorn, hard candy, or hot dogs.
Teach safe eating habits: Teach children to chew their food well, eat slowly, and not to talk or laugh while chewing.
Childproof the home: Keep small objects, toys, or any item a child could potentially put in their mouth out of reach.
When to Seek Medical Help
After a choking incident, even if your child seems fine, it’s important to follow up with your pediatrician to ensure there’s no residual damage to the airway.
If the child starts having trouble breathing again, becomes lethargic, or shows signs of infection or distress, take them to the hospital immediately.
How to Prepare for Choking Emergencies
Learn CPR and first aid: It’s critical for all parents and caregivers to take a CPR and first aid class to be prepared for choking emergencies.
Keep emergency contacts handy: Have the emergency services number saved and easily accessible on your phone or in your wallet.
Keep a first-aid kit: Ensure you have a well-stocked first-aid kit in your home and car, with all the basics for emergencies.
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1. Keep the Skin Clean and Dry
Diaper changes: Change your baby’s diaper frequently, about every 2-3 hours or as soon as it’s wet or soiled, to prevent diaper rash. Use gentle wipes or soft, damp cloths to clean the area, and allow the skin to air dry briefly before putting on a fresh diaper.
Gentle bathing: Give your newborn a bath 2-3 times a week using lukewarm water. Avoid harsh soaps; instead, choose a mild, fragrance-free baby wash that’s gentle on their sensitive skin. You don’t need to bathe your newborn every day, as over-bathing can dry out the skin.
2. Moisturize Regularly
Use a gentle moisturizer: After each bath, gently pat your baby’s skin dry with a soft towel and apply a fragrance-free baby lotion or unscented petroleum jelly to help lock in moisture.
For dry patches or conditions like eczema, we may recommend a specific ointment or cream.
3. Be Careful with the Umbilical Cord
Keep the umbilical cord stump clean and dry: Until the cord stump falls off (typically within the first 1-2 weeks), keep it dry and avoid submerging the baby in water.
Avoid covering it with tight clothing or a diaper that might rub or irritate the area.
4. Prevent and Treat Diaper Rash
Diaper rash prevention: If your baby develops a diaper rash, apply a barrier cream with zinc oxide/Desitin ointment, and make sure to allow the skin to air dry whenever possible.
Frequent diaper changes: As mentioned earlier, keep your baby’s diaper area clean and dry. If the rash is severe or doesn’t improve, contact us for further recommendations.
5. Protect from the Sun
Avoid direct sun exposure: Newborns have delicate skin and should be kept out of direct sunlight, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
Dress appropriately: Use lightweight clothing that covers your baby’s arms and legs to shield their skin. You can also use a hat with a wide brim to protect their face.
For babies older than 6 months, you can apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) on small exposed areas like the face, but always check with us before using sunscreen on a newborn.
6. Be Mindful of Rashes and Skin Conditions
Baby acne: It’s common for newborns to develop baby acne on their face in the first few weeks of life. This usually clears up on its own without treatment.
Cradle cap: This condition, characterized by scaly patches on the scalp, is common in infants. To treat it, gently wash the scalp with a mild baby shampoo and use a soft brush to loosen flakes.
Dry or peeling skin: It’s normal for a newborn’s skin to peel during the first few weeks, especially on their hands and feet. Simply moisturizing the skin will usually resolve this.
7. Keep Your Baby’s Skin Clean from Fragrances and Harsh Chemicals
Avoid scented products: Fragrances, harsh chemicals, and dyes in lotions, baby wipes, and detergents can irritate your newborn’s sensitive skin. Choose hypoallergenic, fragrance-free products whenever possible.
Choose baby-friendly laundry detergent: Wash your baby’s clothes, bedding, and blankets in a mild, fragrance-free detergent that’s safe for sensitive skin.
8. Be Cautious with New Products
Always patch-test any new skin products on a small area of your baby’s skin before using it all over. If you notice any redness, irritation, or discomfort, discontinue use and consult us.
9. Dress Your Baby Appropriately
Comfortable clothing: Dress your baby in soft, breathable cotton clothing to prevent overheating or skin irritation. Avoid tight clothing that can rub against their sensitive skin.
Avoid wool or synthetic fabrics: These fabrics can be itchy and cause irritation. Stick to natural fibers to keep your baby’s skin comfortable.
10. Monitor for Allergies or Sensitivities
If your baby shows signs of a skin reaction, such as redness, swelling, hives, or a rash after contact with a new product, food, or fabric, it could be an allergic reaction. Contact us for advice and further evaluation.
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1. Choking
If your baby is choking and struggling to breathe, it’s important to act quickly.
Signs of choking: If your baby is making gasping sounds, coughing weakly, or turning blue or pale, they may be choking.
For infants under 1 year old:
Lay your baby face down on your forearm, supporting their head and neck.
Use the heel of your hand to give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades.
If the object doesn’t come out, flip the baby onto their back, supporting the head, and give 5 chest thrusts with two fingers in the center of the chest.
Repeat until the object is cleared or help arrives.
Call 911 immediately after starting the procedure or if the baby becomes unresponsive.
2. Breathing Difficulties (Stopped Breathing or Breathing Abnormally)
If your baby is not breathing or having difficulty breathing, quick action is vital.
Signs of difficulty breathing: No breathing, gasping, or blue or pale skin.
For an infant:
Check airway: Make sure nothing is blocking the baby’s airway.
Provide rescue breaths: If the baby is not breathing, give 2 gentle rescue breaths (covering their nose and mouth) while holding the baby’s head back to open the airway.
Perform CPR if the baby does not respond to the breaths. Start with chest compressions (using two fingers, press down about 1.5 inches, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute).
Call 911 immediately while performing CPR.
3. High Fever (Over 100.4°F or 38°C)
A fever in a newborn can indicate a serious infection and requires prompt attention.
For infants under 3 months: A fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is considered an emergency.
Steps to take:
The child should be seen by us or the emergency room as soon as possible.
Keep baby hydrated: Offer breast milk or formula. Avoid giving over-the-counter medication without pediatrician approval.
Cool the baby down: Dress them in light clothing and keep the room temperature cool.
4. Seizure
Seizures can be frightening, but it’s important to stay calm and act quickly.
Signs of a seizure: Uncontrolled jerking movements, eyes rolling back, stiffening, or loss of consciousness.
What to do:
Stay calm: Don’t try to hold the baby down.
Lay the baby on their side to help keep their airway clear.
Protect the baby from injury by moving nearby objects.
Do not put anything in their mouth.
Call 911 immediately and stay with your baby until help arrives.
5. Allergic Reaction (Hives, Swelling, Difficulty Breathing)
An allergic reaction can occur quickly and needs immediate care.
Signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis): Swelling around the face, lips, or eyes, difficulty breathing, or hives.
What to do:
Call 911 immediately.
If prescribed, administer an epinephrine injection (EpiPen) as directed.
Keep baby calm and monitor: Try to keep your baby comfortable while waiting for help.
6. Injury or Bleeding
Accidents can happen even with the safest practices, so knowing how to handle injury or bleeding is important.
Minor cuts or abrasions:
Clean the wound gently with water and apply a clean bandage.
Severe bleeding:
Apply gentle pressure to the bleeding area with a clean cloth.
If the bleeding is severe, continue pressure and call 911.
Keep the baby calm and still until help arrives.
7. Sudden Change in Behavior (Unresponsiveness, Vomiting, or Lethargy)
A sudden change in a baby’s behavior can indicate a medical emergency.
What to do:
Check for breathing and responsiveness.
If your baby is unresponsive or having trouble breathing, perform CPR and call 911 immediately.
Monitor for vomiting: If the baby is vomiting excessively or has signs of a blockage, seek immediate medical attention.
8. Poisoning or Ingestion of a Toxic Substance
Babies and toddlers are naturally curious and may put dangerous items or substances in their mouths.
Signs of poisoning: Vomiting, difficulty breathing, or drowsiness.
What to do:
Call Poison Control (1-800-222-1222) immediately.
If your baby is having difficulty breathing or unresponsive, call 911.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
9. Severe Dehydration
Dehydration can occur if your baby is not drinking enough fluids, especially during illness or hot weather.
Signs of dehydration: Dry mouth, fewer than 6 wet diapers per day, sunken eyes or soft spot, lethargy.
What to do:
Offer fluids: Continue breastfeeding or formula-feeding regularly.
Call us or seek emergency care if signs of dehydration worsen.
10. Sudden and Severe Crying (or Abdominal Pain)
Excessive crying or signs of abdominal pain can indicate an emergency, such as an infection, hernia, or other serious conditions.
What to do:
Assess the situation: Check for other symptoms like fever, redness, or vomiting.
Call us or seek emergency care if the baby is inconsolable, has a fever, or shows signs of distress (like pulling their legs toward their belly, indicating pain).
General Emergency Tips:
Stay calm: Take a deep breath and assess the situation.
Call 911 immediately if you're unsure what to do.
Know basic infant CPR and first aid—taking a class can make all the difference in emergencies.
Keep emergency numbers (like Poison Control and your pediatrician) easily accessible.
Ready to book an appointment?
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